1. How to sow cucumbers
1. Variety selection: Cucumber cultivation should select excellent varieties with low temperature resistance in the early stage, high temperature resistance in the later stage, and strong disease resistance.
2. Seed treatment: sun-dry the seeds 1 to 3 days before sowing. After sun-drying, scald the seeds with warm water at 55°C for 10-15 minutes, and keep stirring until the water temperature drops to 30-35°C. Wash the seeds repeatedly. , and wash the mucus with water, soak for 3 to 4 hours, wrap the soaked seeds in a clean damp cloth, and put them at 28 to 32 ° C for germination for 1 to 2 days, and sow when 70% of the seeds are "white".
3. Soil preparation: The nutrient soil of cucumber should be mixed with high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer, which has not been planted with melon vegetables in the past 3 to 5 years. The organic fertilizer accounts for 30%, and the soil and organic fertilizer are mixed and sieved. Add 100 grams of carbendazim per 1 cubic meter of the sieved nutrient soil and mix it to prepare medicinal soil.
4. Timely sowing: The sowing period of cucumbers is mid or late January. Seedlings can be raised in a heated greenhouse or an energy-saving solar greenhouse. Use a nutrient bowl with a diameter of 10 cm and a height of 10 cm, with 8 cm of nutrient soil inside, and water it thoroughly. After permeation, 1 seed germinated in each nutrient bowl, covered with 1 cm thick medicinal soil, and covered with mulch to facilitate moisture retention.
2. Cucumber seedling management
1. Cover the ground with mulch: After sowing the cucumber, seal it with plastic film for 2 to 3 days. When 2/3 of the seed cotyledons are unearthed, remove the mulch in time. Water as little as possible in the seedling stage to prevent tall seedlings from appearing in high temperature and high humidity, and remove the grass in time to increase the light.
2. Temperature management: Generally, the temperature during the day should be controlled at 25-30°C, and it should not be too high. The night temperature must be controlled below 15°C, preferably 12-13°C. 7-10 days before planting, make seedlings and greenhouse grass. Thatch early to open late cover, reduce watering, increase ventilation and time, keep 20 ~ 25 ℃ during the day, 8 ~ 10 ℃ at night, and need 1 or 2 short-term exercise at 5 ℃.
3. Standard for strong seedlings: The seedling age is about 35 days, the plant height is 15-20 cm, 3 leaves and 1 heart, the cotyledons are intact, the internodes are short and thick, the leaves are dark green and the moon is thick, the root system is developed, and it is healthy and disease-free.
3. Cucumber colonization technology
1. Land preparation and fertilization: fertilization should be based on organic fertilizers, supplemented by chemical fertilizers, fertilization methods should be based on base fertilizer, supplemented by top-dressing fertilizers, according to the nutritional characteristics of vegetable growth and development, fertilizer requirements, soil nutrient content and target yield, use experts to fertilize System, determine the amount of fertilization for vegetables, carry out balanced fertilization, and ensure the balance of nutrients in the soil. Vegetable fields with a medium fertility level generally apply 5,000 kg of high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer, 20 kg of urea, 75 kg of superphosphate, and 30 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. After spreading the base fertilizer, plough the ground 30-40 cm deep, mix the soil and fertilizer evenly, rake it flat, make a border with a width of 1.2 meters, and start two high ridges of 10-15 cm in the border, with a ridge spacing of 50 cm.
2. Four-film coverage: The early spring greenhouse adopts "four-film coverage", that is, a layer of greenhouse film, a second layer of canopy film and a layer of small arch film on the seedlings. The greenhouse film is buckled 20 days before planting to increase the ground temperature. The centimeter ground temperature is stable for 3 consecutive days and can be colonized by 12 ℃. 5 to 7 days before planting, hang the sky curtain on 2 layers with an interval of 20 to 30 cm. It is best to use polyethylene non-drip mulch with a thickness of 0.012 mm.
3. Timely planting: spray a fungicide on the seedbed one day before planting, you can choose 50% carbendazim 500 times, or 77% can kill 700 times, or 75% chlorothalonil 1000 times. Planting should be done in the morning on a sunny day. Ditch the ridge for watering, and when the water seeps into the half-ditch, place the seedlings at a spacing of about 32 cm. After the water seeps, the soil seals the ditch. This method is called "water-stabilizing seedlings". About 3,500 plants are planted per mu. Buckle a small arch shed.
4. Field management of cucumbers
1. Temperature management: Immediately after planting, the ground temperature is low, and the shed should be stuffed immediately. Even if the temperature exceeds 35 °C for a short time, the wind will not be released, so as to increase the ground temperature as soon as possible to promote slow seedlings. There is no excessive temperature during the slow seedling period, and no ventilation is required. The small arch shed is opened in time in the morning to increase the soil temperature as soon as possible. After slowing the seedlings, release the wind in a timely manner according to the weather conditions. It should be ensured that the time between 21 and 28 ° C is more than 8 hours, and the minimum temperature at night is maintained at about 12 ° C. As the outside temperature rises, the air vents are gradually increased. When the outside temperature is stable above 12°C, ventilation can be performed day and night. The greenhouse temperature is 25-30°C in the morning and 20-25°C in the afternoon.
2. Intertillage and loosening the soil: After slowing the cucumber seedlings, cultivating the soil for 3 to 4 times, from near to far, from shallow to deep, combined with intertillage to cultivate ridges for the melon seedlings, and finally form a small high ridge cultivation.
3. Reasonable watering: After the cucumber is planted, it is necessary to water the slow seedling water once, and it will not be watered after it is dry. When the cucumber has grown to 12 leaves, and about 60% of the seedlings have small melons of about 12 cm, water the second water. After entering the fruiting period, the water demand will increase, and the watering should be adjusted due to factors such as growth and weather. Watering interval, watering once every 7-10 days in the pre-growing period of cucumber, watering once every 5-7 days in the middle period, and watering once every 3-5 days in the later period, and watering in the morning on a sunny day is better for the early watering.
4. Timely top-dressing: After the cucumbers enter the fruiting period, top-dressing is combined with watering, and the fertilizer is generally separated by water. Each time, 3 kg of urea, 5 kg of potassium sulfate, or 10 kg of high-nitrogen-potassium fertilizer are applied per mu.
5. Humidity control: The relative humidity of cucumbers in the greenhouse should be controlled below 85%, and the leaves should be kept free of condensation and dripping water as much as possible. After watering in the morning on a sunny day, the shed should be closed and the temperature should be raised to 33°C, and then the air vent should be slowly opened to let the air out and remove the humidity. When the temperature drops to 25°C, the tuyere is closed, and this is done 2 to 3 times a day for 2 to 3 consecutive days to reduce the air humidity in the shed.
6. Plant adjustment: When the plant grows to 7 to 8 leaves, the height of the plant is about 25 cm, remove the small arched shed, and start the hanging rope. When the main vine grows to 25 leaves, top off the heart to promote the growth of the melon, and the root melon should be picked in time to avoid falling seedlings.
7. Removal of the arch shed: The small arch shed is generally removed when the sling is started 15 to 20 days after planting. As the outside temperature rises, the canopy is gradually removed to increase the light transmittance. Generally, the lower canopy is removed first in mid-March, and the second canopy is removed at the end of March and early April.